Liszt: Années de pèlerinage. Deuxième année: Italie

Beyond its religious connotation, there is more general meaning in the word pilgrimage. It is a journey towards your sources, your identity. Your roots, individual and collective - family, ethnicity, country, faith, culture, civilization. An attempt to understand where you come from, who you are, what is your purpose. Looking for your sources, finding them, meditating, experimenting, living them again.

You can make the journey in your young years, or you can make it later in life. At any age, after you made it, you are no more the same. For any age, it's an apprenticeship, a rite of passage. Think at Byron's poem: you start the journey a Childe, you end it a Knight. It remains in you, and later you will come again to it, in your memory this time, meditating, filtering, enriching its treasure. The journey can take place physically, it can be also imaginary. The essential is to make it in total openness, to accept the magic, to live the awe.

For Liszt, the pilgrimage was developed in three stages. It was firstly the journey to Switzerland, where, as he  put it later, a real rapport, an inexplicable but undeniable communication was established with the phenomena of nature and their attendant sights. It was followed by the journey to Italy, in search of his European cultural roots. A search that was developed twofold. An exploration of the universe of Renaissance: visual arts and literature, having Raphael, Michelangelo, Petrarque and Dante as guides; and an exploration of the Italian musical world. I would speak about the third stage of Listzt's pilgrimage later, it deserves a separate discussion.

These stages of pilgrimage were later sublimated by Liszt in music: the three piano suites Années de pèlerinage, a remembrance of his journeys, meditating them again, exploring all their potentialities, living them again. Like in a religious experience, it is not about repetition: the time disappears, you are again there, in that moment, past becomes present, the moment is eternal.

And we, listeners of Liszt's music, are called to make our own journey: into the world of sounds, and through it toward the paradigms of Renaissance, and ultimately toward the simple and great paradigms of Universe. Goethe's Wilhelm Meister comes to mind: meditating the masterworks is also a rite of passage.

Raphael: The Marriage of the Virgin (Spozalizio)
1504
oil on roundheaded panel
Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Raffaello_-_Spozalizio_-_Web_Gallery_of_Art.jpg)
no copyright infringement intended

Liszt: Années de pèlerinage. Deuxième année: Italie
(Years of Pilgrimage. Second Year: Italy)
Part 1: Sposalizio, Lazar Berman, piano
(video by FranzLisztFerentz)

Michelangelo: Il Pensieroso, 1531
(the tomb of Lorenzo de' Medici in the Medici Chapel)
(http://architecturalwatercolors.blogspot.com/2011/08/noli-me-tangere-rebuilding.html)
no copyright infringement intended

Grato m’è il sonno, e più l’esser di sasso.

Mentre che il danno e la vergogna dura.

Non veder, non sentir m’è gran ventura

Però non mi destar, deh’—parla basso!

[Sleep, nay, being made of rock,

makes me happy whilst harm and shame endure.

It is a great adventure neither to see nor to hear.

However, disturb me not, pray—lower your voice!]

(http://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/al.asp?al=CDA67107)

Quand Michel-Ange veut exprimer la méditation, la mélancolie, et nous en offrir les caractères universels et dominants, il est obligé de modérer le geste, d’atténuer le mouvement, de peur de représenter non plus le  Penseroso, mais un certain homme et une certaine femme, de restreindre la portée de son œuvre en la particularisant.
[When Michelangelo wants to express the meditation, melancholy, and offer us the universal characters and dominant, he was forced to moderate the gesture, to mitigate the movement for fear nor represent the Penseroso, but a certain man and a certain woman, to restrict the scope of its work in the particularisant.]

Revue des Deux Mondes, XLVII-e Année, Troisième Période, Tome XXI, 1-er Mai 1877, pages 309, 310
Paris, Impr. J. Claye,  A. Quantin et Cie, rue Saint Benoît
(http://books.google.com/books?id=Fn0IAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA309&lpg=PA309&dq=michel+ange+il+penseroso&source=bl&ots=jpus6u61nA&sig=wddf5Fy5R8LUxHFFEFnH6H5kJtI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=7KksUMbnI4qIygGM6IBA&ved=0CFcQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=michel%20ange%20il%20penseroso&f=false)

Liszt: Années de pèlerinage. Deuxième année: Italie
(Years of Pilgrimage. Second Year: Italy)
Part 2: Il pensieroso, Wilhelm Kempff, piano
(video by ClassicalRecords)

image from Opera nova amorosa, vol. 1
Strambotti, sonetti, capitoli, epistole et una disperata
Author: Nocturno Napolitano
no copyright infringement intended

Liszt: Années de pèlerinage. Deuxième année: Italie
(Years of Pilgrimage. Second Year: Italy)
Part 3: Canzonetta del Salvator Rosa, Wilhelm Kempff, piano
(this Canzonetta, Vado ben spesso cangiando loco, was in fact written by Giovanni Battista Bononcini, and not by Rosa)
(video by ClassicalRecords)

Francesco Petrarca, Canzoniere e Trionfi, sec. XV (1480-1500 ca), Ms. 143, cc. 131v-132r
Istituzione Biblioteca Classense
no copyright infringement intended

Liszt: Années de pèlerinage. Deuxième année: Italie
(Years of Pilgrimage. Second Year: Italy)
Part 4: Sonetto 47 del Petrarca, Wilhelm Kempff, piano
(video by ClassicalRecords)

Laura e Petrarca, miniatura dal Canzoniere
(http://areeweb.polito.it/didattica/polymath/htmlS/Interventi/Articoli/Petrarca/Petrarca.html)
no copyright infringement intended

Liszt: Années de pèlerinage. Deuxième année: Italie
(Years of Pilgrimage. Second Year: Italy)
Part 5: Sonetto 104 del Petrarca, Vladimir Horowitz, piano
(video by viennapianoplayer94)

(http://www.misinta.it/biblioteca-digitale-misinta-2/1400-2/1470-petrarca-canzoniere-e-trionfi-miniato/)
no copyright infringement intended

Liszt: Années de pèlerinage. Deuxième année: Italie
(Years of Pilgrimage. Second Year: Italy)
Part 6: Sonetto 123 del Petrarca, Wilhelm Kempff, piano
(video by ClassicalRecords)

Gustave Dorè: illustration for Dante's Inferno, Canto 29
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Inferno_Canto_29,_Gustave_Dor%C3%A8.jpg)
no copyright infringement intended

Liszt: Années de pèlerinage. Deuxième année: Italie
(Years of Pilgrimage. Second Year: Italy)
Part 7: Après une lecture de Dante: Fantasia Quasi Sonata, Libor Nováček, piano
(video by NovacekPianist)

Venetian Fruitseller, Victorian print from 1874
(http://notesfromapianist.wordpress.com/2011/03/22/canzonetta-del-salvator-rosa-or-bononcini/)
no copyright infringement intended

Liszt: Années de pèlerinage. Deuxième année: Italie
(Years of Pilgrimage. Second Year: Italy)
Venezia e Napoli, Part 1: Gondoliera, Wilhelm Kempff, piano
(based on the song La biondina in gondoletta by Giovanni Battista Peruchinni)
(video by ClassicalRecords)

Pulcinella
(http://testispartiti.fotoblog.it/archive/2010/05/22/canzoni-napoletane-s.html)
no copyright infringement intended

Liszt: Années de pèlerinage. Deuxième année: Italie
(Years of Pilgrimage. Second Year: Italy)
Venezia e Napoli, Part 2: Canzone, Jorge Bolet, piano
(based on the gondolier's song Nessun maggior dolore from Rossini's Otello)
(video by xper2xper)

Tarantella
(http://www.napolisotterranea.org/lang/de/corsi_musica_napoletana390c.html)
no copyright infringement intended

Liszt: Années de pèlerinage. Deuxième année: Italie
(Years of Pilgrimage. Second Year: Italy)
Venezia e Napoli, Part 3: Tarantella, Igor Roma, piano
(uses themes by Guillaume-Louis Cottrau)
(video by ZioJafar)

(Liszt)

(Raphael)

(Michelangelo)

(the Bononcini's)

(Salvator Rosa)

(Petrarca)

(Dante)

Petrarca

Statue of Petrarch in Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Francesco_Petrarca2.jpg)
no copyright infringement intended

His real name had been Petracco, but he remained known under the Latinized form, as Petrarca. The English language countries went further, referring him as Petrarque.  I would prefer the Latinized form, as it was this way I firstly heard about him in school. He is considered the Father of Humanism.

Let's start with the  sonnet that opens his Canzoniere:

Voi ch'ascoltate in rime sparse il suono
di quei sospiri ond'io nudriva 'l core
in sul mio primo giovenile errore
quand'era in parte altr'uom da quel ch'i' sono,

del vario stile in ch'io piango et ragiono
fra le vane speranze e 'l van dolore,
ove sia chi per prova intenda amore,
spero trovar pietà, nonché perdono.

Ma ben veggio or sí come al popol tutto
favola fui gran tempo, onde sovente
di me mesdesmo meco mi vergogno;

et del mio vaneggiar vergogna è 'l frutto,
e 'l pentersi, e 'l conoscer chiaramente
che quanto piace al mondo è breve sogno.

(http://www.italica.it/canzoniere.html)

Sonnet form: abba abba cdc  cdc

Here is an English rendering, done by A. S. Kline:

You who hear the sound, in scattered rhymes,
of those sighs on which I fed my heart,
in my first vagrant youthfulness,
when I was partly other than I am,

I hope to find pity, and forgiveness,
for all the modes in which I talk and weep,
between vain hope and vain sadness,
in those who understand love through its trials.

Yet I see clearly now I have become
an old tale amongst all these people, so that
it often makes me ashamed of myself;

and shame is the fruit of my vanities,
and remorse, and the clearest knowledge
of how the world's delight is a brief dream.

(http://petrarch.petersadlon.com/canzoniere.html)

I found a video with this sonnet, using scenes from a great Chinese movie that I recommend to all of you, The Road Home.

(video by ibride)

• Petrarca CXXXIV
• Liszt: Années de pèlerinage. Deuxième année: Italie

(Una Vita Tra I Libri)

Petrarca CXXXIV

illustration published in Amori da Lontano - Posta del Cuore
(http://postadelcuore.myblog.it/archive/2008/02/28/erstr6.html)

Pace non trovo e non ho da far guerra
e temo, e spero; e ardo e sono un ghiaccio;
e volo sopra 'l cielo, e giaccio in terra;
e nulla stringo, e tutto il mondo abbraccio.

Tal m'ha in pregion, che non m'apre nè sera,
nè per suo mi riten nè scioglie il laccio;
e non m'ancide Amore, e non mi sferra,
nè mi vuol vivo, nè mi trae d'impaccio.

Veggio senz'occhi, e non ho lingua, e grido;
e bramo di perire, e chieggio aita;
e ho in odio me stesso, e amo altrui.

Pascomi di dolor, piangendo rido;
egualmente mi spiace morte e vita:
in questo stato son, donna, per voi.

(http://www.cdrc.it/TestiCDRC/PetrarcaCXXXIV.html)

Petrarch's sonnet 134 inspired Liszt (who mentioned the sonnet as 104 - one of the three Petrarchian works on which the Années de pèlerinage - Years of Pilgrimage - were based).

(video by twotea22)

I find no peace, and all my war is done;
I fear and hope; I burn and freeze like ice;
I fly above the wind, yet can I not arise;
And nought I have, and all the world I seize on;

That looseth nor locketh holdeth me in prison
And holdeth me not, yet can I 'scape nowise;
Nor letteth me live nor die at my device,
And yet of death it giveth none occasion.

Withouten eyen, I see; and without tongue I plain;
I desire to perish, and yet I ask health;
I love another, and thus I hate myself;

I feed me in sorrow, and laugh in all my pain;
Likewise displeaseth me both death and life;
And my delight is causer of this strife.

English rendering by Sir Thomas Wyatt
(http://www.poemhunter.com/poem/translation-of-petrarch-s-rima-sonnet-134/)

Laura de Noves
(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Francesco_Petrarca01.jpg)

Pierduta mi-este pacea: n-am arme sa ma bat,
Si sper, si ard, si-s gheata, si ma cuprinde frica,
Si-n ceruri zbor si-n tarna zac pururi nemiscat;
La piept strang lumea-ntreaga si n-am la piept nimica.

M-a prins intr-o-nchisoare far' de zavor la poarta;
Nici liber nu ma lasa, nici nu ma-nchide-n ea.
Nu vrea sa ma ucida Amor, nici nu ma iarta,
Nici viu nu ma doreste, nici chinul nu mi-l ia.

N-am ochi si vad, si, fara de limba, strig la cer;
Vreau moartea sa m-ajunga si-ajutoare cer;
Si ma urasc pe mine pe cat mi-i Ea de draga.

Imi place ca ma doare si vesel sunt plangand;
De viata si de moarte sunt dezgustat pe rand...
Din vina ta, Madona, ma chinui viata-ntreaga!

Romanian rendering by Anne-Marie Bejliu

(http://agonia.ro/index.php/poetry/145152/Pierdut%C4%83_mi-este_pacea:_n-am_arme_s%C4%83_m%C4%83_bat)

Sonnet form: (It) abab abab cde cde (En) abba abba dee dee (Ro) abab abab ccd eec

(Petrarca)

(Liszt)