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Friday, February 05, 2010

Baudelaire: Les Veuves

Manet's La Musique au Tuileries passes for the first Impressionist work in art history. Baudelaire is there among the other personages, just sketched, behind the first lady in white from the left.

Think at this painting, think at Baudelaire's poem, Les Veuves: the same Parisian universe of XIX-th century, depicted with the same calm tones, the same science of choosing the right colors for the right spots, the same way of organizing the storyboard and of following the narrative: brush at Manet, pen at Baudelaire, colors versus words; some scholars noted precisely this intertextuality between Manet and Baudelaire.

Édouard Manet - La Musique au Tuileries, 1862
oil on canvas
London National Gallery

Thus Michèle Battut had to build a replica both to the poem and to the canvas, and she answered the challenge with her minimalistic approach: an elegant lithograph with Paris away in the mist, the solitary trees speaking with great restraint about the desolate life of the widows.


Michèle Battut, Les Veuves, 1988
(https://www.idburyprints.com/)


As for Bernadette Kelly, she offered her own vision: a splendid elegy in an unbelievable flow of dark tones.

Bernadette Kelly - Les Veuves, 1979
(https://www.idburyprints.com/)


I would like to add here the etching of Mariette Lydis, offering an ambiguous sexual approach. leaving to any of you to formulate an answer: which approach is the most interesting, the minimalism of Ms. Battut, the shy elegy of Ms. Kelly, or the sexual suggestion of Ms. Lydis?

Mariette Lydis – Les Veuves, 1948
etching - aquatint

(https://www.idburyprints.com/)


Vauvenargues dit que dans les jardins publics il est des allées hantées principalement par l'ambition déçue, par les inventeurs malheureux, par les gloires avortées, par les coeurs brisés, par toutes ces âmes tumultueuses et fermées, en qui grondent encore les derniers soupirs d'un orage, et qui reculent loin du regard insolent des joyeux et des oisifs. Ces retraites ombreuses sont les rendez-vous des éclopés de la vie.
C'est surtout vers ces lieux que le poète et le philosophe aiment diriger leurs avides conjectures. Il y a là une pâture certaine. Car s'il est une place qu'ils dédaignent de visiter, comme je l'insinuais tout à l'heure, c'est surtout la joie des riches. Cette turbulence dans le vide n'a rien qui les attire. Au contraire, ils se sentent irrésistiblement entraînés vers tout ce qui est faible, ruiné, contristé, orphelin.
Un oeil expérimenté ne s'y trompe jamais. Dans ces traits rigides ou abattus, dans ces yeux caves et ternes, ou brillants des derniers éclairs de la lutte, dans ces rides profondes et nombreuses, dans ces démarches si lentes ou si saccadées, il déchiffre tout de suite les innombrables légendes de l'amour trompé, du dévouement méconnu, des efforts non récompensés, de la faim et du froid humblement, silencieusement supportés.
Avez-vous quelquefois aperçu des veuves sur ces bancs solitaires, des veuves pauvres? Qu'elles soient en deuil ou non, il est facile de les reconnaître. D'ailleurs il y a toujours dans le deuil du pauvre quelque chose qui manque, une absence d'harmonie qui le rend plus navrant. Il est contraint de lésiner sur sa douleur. Le riche porte la sienne au grand complet.
Quelle est la veuve la plus triste et la plus attristante, celle qui traîne à sa main un bambin avec qui elle ne peut pas partager sa rêverie, ou celle qui est tout à fait seule? Je ne sais... Il m'est arrivé une fois de suivre pendant de longues heures une vieille affligée de cette espèce; celle-là roide, droite, sous un petit châle usé, portait dans tout son être une fierté de stoïcienne.
Elle était évidemment condamnée, par une absolue solitude, à des habitudes de vieux célibataire, et le caractère masculin de ses moeurs ajoutait un piquant mystérieux à leur austérité. Je ne sais dans quel misérable café et de quelle façon elle déjeuna. Je la suivis au cabinet de lecture; et je l'épiai longtemps pendant qu'elle cherchait dans les gazettes, avec des yeux actifs, jadis brûlés par les larmes, des nouvelles d'un intérêt puissant et personnel.
Enfin, dans l'après-midi, sous un ciel d'automne charmant, un de ces ciels d'où descendent en foule les regrets et les souvenirs, elle s'assit à l'écart dans un jardin, pour entendre, loin de la foule, un de ces concerts dont la musique des régiments gratifie le peuple parisien.
C'était sans doute là la petite débauche de cette vieille innocente (ou de cette vieille purifiée), la consolation bien gagnée d'une de ces lourdes journées sans ami, sans causerie, sans joie, sans confident, que Dieu laissait tomber sur elle, depuis bien des ans peut-être! trois cent soixante-cinq fois par an.
Une autre encore:
Je ne puis jamais m'empêcher de jeter un regard, sinon universellement sympathique, au moins curieux, sur la foule de parias qui se pressent autour de l'enceinte d'un concert public. L'orchestre jette à travers la nuit des chants de fête, de triomphe ou de volupté. Les robes traînent en miroitant; les regards se croisent; les oisifs, fatigués de n'avoir rien fait, se dandinent, feignant de déguster indolemment la musique. Ici rien que de riche, d'heureux; rien qui ne respire et n'inspire l'insouciance et le plaisir de se laisser vivre; rien, excepté l'aspect de cette tourbe qui s'appuie là-bas sur la barrière extérieure, attrapant gratis, au gré du vent, un lambeau de musique, et regardant l'étincelante fournaise intérieure.
C'est toujours chose intéressante que ce reflet de la joie du riche au fond de l'oeil du pauvre. Mais ce jour-là, à travers ce peuple vêtu de blouses et d'indienne, j'aperçus un être dont la noblesse faisait un éclatant contraste avec toute la trivialité environnante.
C'était une femme grande, majestueuse, et si noble dans tout son air, que je n'ai pas souvenir d'avoir vu sa pareille dans les collections des aristocratiques beautés du passé. Un parfum de hautaine vertu émanait de toute sa personne. Son visage, triste et amaigri, était en parfaite accordance avec le grand deuil dont elle était revêtue. Elle aussi, comme la plèbe à laquelle elle s'était mêlée et qu'elle ne voyait pas, elle regardait le monde lumineux avec un oeil profond, et elle écoutait en hochant doucement la tête.
Singulière vision! A coup sûr, me dis-je, cette pauvreté-là, si pauvreté il y a, ne doit pas admettre l'économie sordide; un si noble visage m'en répond. Pourquoi donc reste-t-elle volontairement dans un milieu où elle fait une tache si éclatante?
Mais en passant curieusement auprès d'elle, le crus en deviner la raison. La grande veuve tenait par la main un enfant comme elle vêtu de noir; si modique que fût le prix d'entrée, ce prix suffisait peut-être pour payer un des besoins du petit être, mieux encore, une superfluité, un jouet.
Et elle sera rentrée à pied, méditant et rêvant, seule, toujours seule; car l'enfant est turbulent, égoïste, sans douceur et sans patience; et il ne peut même pas, comme le pur animal, comme le chien et le chat, servir de confident aux douleurs solitaires.

And here is an English version:

Vauvenargues says that in all public parks there are alleyways frequented primarily by disappointed ambition, by unfortunate inventors, by aborted glories, by broken hearts, by all of those tumultuous and closed souls in whom still rumble the last sighs of a storm, and who draw back from the insolent gaze of the joyous and the idle. These shadowy retreats are the meeting place for life's cripples.
It is especially toward these sites that the poet and the philosopher like to direct their avid conjectures. There they find ample fodder. For if there is one place that they scorn to visit, as I suggested just a short while ago, it is above all else the joy of the rich. That turbulent emptiness has no attraction for them. On the contrary, they feel themselves irresistably drawn toward all that is weak, ruined, grieved, orphaned.
An experienced eye is never deceived. In those stiff or dejected features, in those dull and hollow eyes, or in eyes sparkling with the last flashes of the struggle, in those deep and numerous wrinkles, in those so slow or so abrupt gaits, it reads instantly the numberless captions: love betrayed, devotion unrecognized, efforts not rewarded, hunger and cold humbly and silently endured.
Have you ever seen widows sitting alone on benches -- poor widows? Whether or not they are dressed in mourning, it is easy to recognize them. Indeed, there is always something missing from the mourning clothes of the poor, an absence of harmony that renders them even more heartrending. The poor are forced to scrimp on their suffering. The rich wear their's as a complete suit.
Which is the saddest and most saddening of widows -- she who drags by the hand a toddler whose reverie she cannot share, or she who is completely alone? I do not know ... I once followed for long hours an afflicted old woman of the second sort; stiff, erect, wearing a tiny, worn shawl, she carried herself with all of the pride of a Stoic.
She was obviously condemned by an absolute solitude to the habits of an old bachelor, and the masculine character of her manners added a piquant mystery to their austerity. I do not know in which miserable cafe and in what manner she ate her lunch. I followed her to a reading room, and I spied on her for a long time while she searched in the newspapers with active eyes, formerly burned by tears, for news of a powerful and personal interest.
Finally, in the afternoon, under a charming Autumn sky -- one of those skies from which descend a crowd of regrets and memories -- she sat down in a park, off by herself, to listen, far from the crowd, to one of those concerts with which military bands favor the Parisian populace.
Undoubtedly, this was the little debauche that this innocent old woman (or this purified old woman) allowed herself, a well-earned consolation for one more of those heavy days without friends, without conversation, without joy, without someone to confide in, which God allowed to fall upon her, for many years already, perhaps! Three-hundred and sixty-five times per year.
And another:
I can never keep myself from casting a glance -- if not universally sympathetic, at least curious -- on the crowd of pariahs who press up against the enclosure outside an open air concert. The orchestra throws out into the night festive songs, triumphant and voluptuous. Gowns trail, shimmering; glances cross; the idle rich, tired from having done nothing, saunter about, pretending to indolently digest the music. Here there is nothing but wealth and happiness, nothing that does not respire and inspire carefreeness and the pleasure of just letting oneself live, nothing except the sight of that mob over there that leans against the exterior barrier, catching for free, at the caprice of the wind, a scrap of music, and watching the sparkling furnace of the interior.
It is always an interesting thing, this reflection of the joy of the rich in the eye of the poor. But that day, across this crowd dressed in workers' smocks and cheap calico, I saw a being whose nobility was in striking contrast to the surrounding triviality.
She was a tall woman, majestic and so noble in all of her bearing that I do not remember ever having seen her like in all of the collections of aristocratic beauties of the past. A perfume of haughty virtue emanated from all of her person. Her sad, thin face was in perfect accord with the full mourning dress in which she was garbed. She too, like the plebeian masses with which she mingled but did not see, looked at the luminous world with a probing eye, and she gently nodded her head while she listened.
A singular vision! Certainly, I said to myself, That poverty there, if it is in fact poverty, must not admit sordid economizing; such a noble face assures me of that. Why then does she remain willingly in an environment which she stands out so strikingly against?
But when, out of curiosity, I passed near by her, I believe I divined the reason. The tall widow was holding a child by the hand who was, like herself, dressed in black. As cheap as a ticket might have been, that money would perhaps be enough to pay for one of the little being's needs, or, even better, to pay for something superfluous, a toy.
And she would return home on foot, meditative and dreamy, alone, always alone. For a child is turbulent, egotistical, without gentleness and without patience. And he cannot even, like a pure animal, like a cat or a dog, serve as a confidant to solitary sorrows.

(Baudelaire)

(Manet)

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Tuesday, February 02, 2010

Baudelaire: L'Horloge

What a great illustration! The cat looking horrified at the impassive clock, calm evil god, who says every second, Remember! Now is gone! Nevermore! And the resemblance of universes of Baudelaire and Poe strike my mind again, and again... cat, and clock, and remember, and esto memor, and nevermore...

In a future post I will offer you the Romanian version of the poem, due to Alexandru Philippide.



Horloge! dieu sinistre, effrayant, impassible,
Dont le doigt nous menace et nous dit: Souviens-toi!
Les vibrantes Douleurs dans ton coeur plein d'effroi
Se planteront bientôt comme dans une cible;


Le Plaisir vaporeux fuira vers l'horizon
Ainsi qu'une sylphide au fond de la coulisse;
Chaque instant te dévore un morceau du délice
À chaque homme accordé pour toute sa saison.


Trois mille six cents fois par heure, la Seconde
Chuchote: Souviens-toi! — Rapide, avec sa voix
D'insecte, Maintenant dit: Je suis Autrefois,
Et j'ai pompé ta vie avec ma trompe immonde!


Remember! Souviens-toi! prodigue! Esto memor!
(Mon gosier de métal parle toutes les langues.)
Les minutes, mortel folâtre, sont des gangues
Qu'il ne faut pas lâcher sans en extraire l'or!


Souviens-toi que le Temps est un joueur avide
Qui gagne sans tricher, à tout coup! c'est la loi.
Le jour décroît; la nuit augmente; Souviens-toi!
Le gouffre a toujours soif; la clepsydre se vide.


Tantôt sonnera l'heure où le divin Hasard,
Où l'auguste Vertu, ton épouse encore vierge,
Où le Repentir même (oh! la dernière auberge!),
Où tout te dira Meurs, vieux lâche! il est trop tard!


While Michèle Battut restraints the illustration to the cat and focuses there the poignancy of the poem, Bernadette Kelly comes with her elaborated mystery and offers us a whole universe of suggestions. Her illustration is, I think, a masterpiece.



Here follow some English versions. It's great to compare them... the sylph, as an actress who disappears in the wings, again as a sylphide who floats away... the impasssive clock, terrifying, sinister god, or, in Edna St Vincent Millay translation, calm evil god! how splendid rendering, calm evil god!

- William Aggeler, The Flowers of Evil (Fresno, CA: Academy Library Guild, 1954)

Impassive clock! Terrifying, sinister god,
Whose finger threatens us and says: Remember!
The quivering Sorrows will soon be shot
Into your fearful heart, as into a target;


Nebulous pleasure will flee toward the horizon
Like an actress who disappears into the wings;
Every instant devours a piece of the pleasure
Granted to every man for his entire season.


Three thousand six hundred times an hour, Second
Whispers: Remember! — Immediately
With his insect voice, Now says: I am the Past
And I have sucked out your life with my filthy trunk!


Remember! Souviens-toi, spendthrift! Esto memor!
(My metal throat can speak all languages.)
Minutes, blithesome mortal, are bits of ore
That you must not release without extracting the gold!


Remember, Time is a greedy player
Who wins without cheating, every round! It's the law.
The daylight wanes; the night deepens; remember!
The abyss thirsts always; the water-clock runs low.


Soon will sound the hour when divine Chance,
When august Virtue, your still virgin wife,
When even Repentance (the very last of inns!),
When all will say: Die, old coward! it is too late!


Roy Campbell, Poems of Baudelaire (New York: Pantheon Books, 1952)

The Clock, calm evil god, that makes us shiver,
With threatening finger warns us each apart:
Remember! Soon the vibrant woes will quiver,
Like arrows in a target, in your heart.


To the horizon Pleasure will take flight
As flits a vaporous sylphide to the wings.
Each instant gnaws a crumb of the delight
That for his season every mortal brings.


Three thousand times and more, each hour, the second
Whispers Remember! Like an insect shrill
The present chirps, With Nevermore I'm reckoned,
I've pumped your lifeblood with my loathsome bill.


Remember! Souviens-toi I Esto Memor!
My brazen windpipe speaks in every tongue.
Each moment, foolish mortal, is like ore
From which the precious metal must be wrung.


Remember. Time the gamester (it's the law)
Wins always, without cheating. Daylight wanes.
Night deepens. The abyss with gulfy maw
Thirsts on unsated, while the hour-glass drains.


Sooner or later, now, the time must be
When Hazard, Virtue (your still-virgin mate),
Repentance, (your last refuge), or all three —
Will tell you, Die, old Coward. It's too late!



Edna St. Vincent Millay, Flowers of Evil (NY: Harper and Brothers, 1936)

Terrible Clock! God without mercy; mighty Power!
Saying all day, Remember! Remember and beware:
There is no arrow of pain but in a tiny hour
Will make thy heart its target, and stick and vibrate there.


Toward the horizon all too soon and out of sight
Vaporous Pleasure, like a sylphide, floats away;
Each instant swallows up one crumb of that delight
Accorded to each man for all his mortal day.


The Second says, three thousand six hundred times an hour,
Remember! Look, the wingèd insect Now doth sit
Upon thy vein, and shrilleth, I am Nevermore,
And I have sucked thy blood; I am flying away with it!


Remember! Souviens-toi! Esto memor! — no tongue
My metal larynx does not speak — O frivolous man,
These minutes, rich in gold, slide past; thou art not young;
Remember! and wash well the gravel in the pan!


Remember! Time, the player that need not cheat to win,
Makes a strong adversary. Is thy game begun?
Thy game is lost! Day wanes; night waxes. Look within
The gulf, — it still is thirsty. The sands are all but run.


"Soon, soon, the hour will strike, when Hazard, he that showed
A god-like face, when Virtue — thy bride, but still intact —
When even Repentance (oh, last inn along the road!)
Will say to thee, Die, coward. It is too late to act.


(Baudelaire)

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Sunday, January 31, 2010

Baudelaire: La Chambre Double

Mariette Lydis - La Chambre Double, 1948
etching/aquatint
(http://www.idburyprints.com/)


Superb depiction of Eternity as space of erotic dreaming! Eternity, desirable as only dreams are, fragile as only dreams are. And Time, horrific as a spectrum, killing the forever and imposing the stupid present.

Note the elegant accolade to Chateaubriand, enamored of his imaginary sylphide: the great line of French poetry!

The illustration of Michèle Battut, with her subtle minimalism: the space of erotic desire is inside, the present, of prosaic indifference and potential hostility, is just there, outside the window.




Une chambre qui ressemble à une rêverie, une chambre véritablement spirituelle, où l'atmosphère stagnante est légèrement teintée de rose et de bleu.

L'âme y prend un bain de paresse, aromatisé par le regret et le désir. -- C'est quelque chose de crépusculaire, de bleuâtre et de rosâtre; un rêve de volupté pendant une éclipse.

Les meubles ont des formes allongées, prostrées, alanguies. Les meubles ont l'air de rêver; on les dirait doués d'une vie somnambulique, comme le végétal et le minéral. Les étoffes parlent une langue muette, comme les fleurs, comme les ciels, comme les soleils couchants.

Sur les murs nulle abomination artistique. Relativement au rêve pur, à l'impression non analysée, l'art défini, l'art positif est un blasphème. Ici, tout a la suffisante clarté et la délicieuse obscurité de l'harmonie.

Une senteur infinitésimale du choix le plus exquis, à laquelle se mêle une très-légère humidité, nage dans cette atmosphère, où l'esprit sommeillant est bercé par des sensations de serre-chaude.

La mousseline pleut abondamment devant les fenêtres et devant le lit; elle s'épanche en cascades neigeuses. Sur ce lit est couchée l'Idole, la souveraine des rêves. Mais comment est-elle ici? Qui l'a amenée? quel pouvoir magique l'a installée sur ce trône de rêverie et de volupté? Qu'importe? la voilà! je la reconnais.

Voilà bien ces yeux dont la flamme traverse le crépuscule; ces subtiles et terribles mirettes, que je reconnais à leur effrayante malice! Elles attirent, elles subjuguent, elles dévorent le regard de l'imprudent qui les contemple. Je les ai souvent étudiées, ces étoiles noires qui commandent la curiosité et l'admiration.

A quel démon bienveillant dois-je d'être ainsi entouré de mystère, de silence, de paix et de parfums? O Béatitude! ce que nous nommons généralement la vie, même dans son expansion la plus heureuse, n'a rien de commun avec cette vie suprême dont j'ai maintenant connaissance et que je savoure minute par minute, seconde par seconde!

Non! il n'est plus de minutes, il n'est plus de secondes! Le temps a disparu; c'est l'Éternité qui règne, une éternité de délices!

Mais un coup terrible, lourd, a retenti à la porte, et, comme dans les rêves infernaux, il m'a semblé que je recevais un coup de pioche dans l'estomac.

Et puis un Spectre est entré. C'est un huissier qui vient me torturer au nom de la loi; une infâme concubine qui vient crier misère et ajouter les trivialités de sa vie aux douleurs de la mienne; ou bien le saute-ruisseau d'un directeur de journal qui réclame la suite d'un manuscrit.

La chambre paradisiaque, l'idole, la souveraine des rêves, la Sylphide, comme disait le grand René, toute cette magie a disparu au coup brutal frappé par le Spectre.

Horreur! je me souviens! je me souviens! Oui! ce taudis, ce séjour de l'éternel ennui, est bien le mien. Voici les meubles sots, poudreux, écornés; la cheminée sans flamme et sans braise, souillée de crachats; les tristes fenêtres où la pluie a tracé des sillons dans la poussière; les manuscrits, raturés ou incomplets; l'almanach où le crayon a marqué les dates sinistres!

Et ce parfum d'un autre monde, dont je m'enivrais avec une sensibilité perfectionnée, hélas! il est remplacé par une fétide odeur de tabac mêlée à je ne sais quelle nauséabonde moisissure. On respire ici maintenant le ranci de la désolation.

Dans ce monde étroit, mais si plein de dégoût, un seul objet connu me sourit: la fiole de laudanum; une vieille et terrible amie; comme toutes les amies, hélas! féconde en caresses et en traîtrises.

Oh! oui! le Temps a reparu; le Temps règne en souverain maintenant; et avec le hideux vieillard est revenu tout son démoniaque cortège de Souvenirs, de Regrets, de Spasmes, de Peurs, d'Angoisses, de Cauchemars, de Colères et de Névroses.

Je vous assure que les secondes maintenant sont fortement et solennellement accentuées, et chacune, en jaillissant de la pendule, dit: Je suis la Vie, l'insupportable, l'implacable Vie!

Il n'y a qu'une Seconde dans la vie humaine qui ait mission d'annoncer une bonne nouvelle, la bonne nouvelle qui cause à chacun une inexplicable peur.

Oui! le Temps règne; il a repris sa brutale dictature. Et il me pousse avec son double aiguillon. -- Et hue donc! bourrique! Sue donc, esclave! Vis donc, damné!


Now look at the lithograph of Bernadette Kelly: I think is offers a more dramatic interpretation, Forever and Now seem to be together, in intimate fight, superb Forever and insoleht Now



Here is an English translation:

A room that resembles a reverie, a truly spiritual room, in which the motionless atmosphere is lightly tinted with pink and blue.

There the soul takes a bath in laziness, scented with regret and desire. --- It is something like twilight, bluish and pinkish; a dream of sensual delight during an eclipse.

The shape of the furniture is elongated, prostrate, languid. The furniture appears to be dreaming; it seems to be endowed with a somnambulate life, like vegetables or minerals. The fabrics speak a mute language, like flowers, like skies, like setting suns.

On the walls, no artistic abomination. Relative to the pure dream, to unanalyzed impression, definite art, positive art is a blasphemy. Here, everything has the sufficient clarity and the delicious obscurity of harmony.

An infinitesimal fragrance of the most exquisite selection, to which is blended a very-light humidity, swims in this atmosphere, where the slumbering spirit is rocked by hot-house sensations.

Muslin rains abundantly before the windows and the bed; it overflows in snowy cascades. On the bed the Idol is sleeping, the queen of dreams. But how has she come here? Who brought her? What magical power installed her on this throne of reverie and of sensual delight? What does it matter? There she is! I recognize her.

There indeed are those eyes in which flame cuts through twilight; those subtle and terrible lamps that I recognize by their frightening malice! They draw, they subjugate, they devour the gaze of he who is imprudent enough to contemplate them. I have often studied them, those black stars that command both curiosity and admiration.

To what benevolent demon do I owe being thus surrounded by mystery, silence, peace, and perfumes? Oh Beatitude! That which we generally name life, even in its happiest expanses, has nothing in common with this supreme life which I now know and which I savor minute by minute, second by second!

No! There are no more minutes, no more seconds! Time has disappeared; it is Eternity that reigns, an eternity of delights!

But a terrible, heavy knock resounded at the door, and, as in infernal dreams, it seemed to me that I had been struck in the stomach by a pickaxe.

And then the Specter entered. He is a bailiff who has come to torture me in the name of the law; an infamous concubine who has come to cry poverty and to add the trivialities of her life to the pains of my own; or else the messenger boy of a magazine editor, come to demand the next installment of a manuscript.

The paradisiacal room, the idol, the queen of dreams, the Sylph, as the great René would say, all of that magic has disappeared at the brutal knock struck by the Specter.

Horror! I remember myself! I remember myself! Yes! This hovel, this abode of eternal boredom, is indeed my own. Here is the stupid, dirty, worn furniture; the stove with neither flame nor ember, soiled with spit; the sad windows upon which the rain has traced trails in the dust; the manuscripts, covered with corrections, incomplete; the almanac upon which a pencil has made note of sinister dates!

And that perfume of another world, upon which I intoxicated myself with a perfected sensibility, alas! It has been replaced by the fetid odor of tobacco mixed with an unidentifiably nauseating odor of mildew. What one breathes here now is rancidity and desolation.

In this world so narrow, but so filled with disgust, a single familiar object smiles at me: the laudanum vial; an old and terrible friend; like all friends, alas!, fecund in caresses and in betrayals.

Yes! Yes! Time has returned; Time rules as sovereign now; and with the hideous old man has returned all of his demoniacal train of Memories, Regrets, Spasms, Fears, Anguishes, Nightmares, Angers, and Neuroses.

I assure you that now the seconds are forcefully and solemnly accented, and each one, bursting from the clock, says: I am Life, insupportable, implacable Life!

There is only one Second in human life whose mission it is to announce good news, good news that causes everyone an inexplicable fear.

Yes! Time rules; it has reestablished its brutal dictatorship. And it prods me with its double goad. -- Gee-up now, you ass! Get to work, slave! Get on with your life, damned one!


Mariette Lydis - La Chambre Double, 1948
etching/aquatint
(http://www.idburyprints.com/)



(Baudelaire)

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Thursday, January 14, 2010

Baudelaire: Laquelle est la Vraie?

A short prose poem, elegantly structured. Elegant in its simplicity, and also in something I would call determination: the world is as it is, good and evil are the two faces of the same truth. A strange story of Poe, William Wilson, comes to mind. It's Ormuzd and Ahriman, the cosmic principle of duality. Hegel was talking about the unity of contradictions, and all Hegelians after him, Marx and all others: were the old Persians right after all?

Bernadette Kelly's lithograph follows Baudelaire lines with an equivocal subtlety: a naked woman covering half of her face, joined by her shadow that seems to be a grotesque version.


Bernadette Kelly, Laquelle est la Vraie?, 1979
(https://www.idburyprints.com/)


J'ai connu une certaine Bénédicta, qui remplissait l'atmosphère d'idéal, et dont les yeux répandaient le désir de la grandeur, de la beauté, de la gloire et de tout ce qui fait croire à l'immortalité.

Mais cette fille miraculeuse était trop belle pour vivre longtemps; aussi est-elle morte quelques jours après que j'eus fait sa connaissance, et c'est moi-même qui l'ai enterrée, un jour que le printemps agitait son encensoir jusque dans les cimetières. C'est moi qui l'ai enterrée, bien close dans une bière d'un bois parfumé et incorruptible comme les coffres de l'Inde.

Et comme mes yeux restaient fichés sur le lieu où était enfoui mon trésor, je vis subitement une petite personne qui ressemblait singulièrement à la défunte, et qui, piétinant sur la terre fraîche avec une violence hystérique et bizarre, disait en éclatant de rire: C'est moi, la vraie Bénédicta! C'est moi, une fameuse canaille! Et pour la punition de ta folie et de ton aveuglement, tu m'aimeras telle que je suis!

Mais moi, furieux, j'ai répondu: Non! non! non! Et pour mieux accentuer mon refus, j'ai frappé si violemment la terre du pied que ma jambe s'est enfoncée jusqu'au genou dans la sépulture récente, et que, comme un loup pris au piége, je reste attaché, pour toujours peut-être, à la fosse de l'idéal.

And here is an English version:

I knew a certain Benedicta who filled the air with the ideal and from whose eyes shone forth the desire for grandeur, beauty, glory, and everything that makes us believe in immortality.

But that miraculous girl was too beautiful to live long, and she died several days after I met her, and it was I myself who buried her, on a day when the Spring shook its incense burner even in the cemeteries. It was I who buried her, in a nice snug coffin made out of perfumed and incorruptible wood, like boxes from India.

And while my eyes were fixed on the spot where I had covered with earth my treasure, I suddenly saw a little person who looked remarkably like the dead woman and who, stomping on the freshly-dug earth with a hysterical and bizarre violence, burst out laughing and said: I am the real Benedicta! Me, well-known as a slut! And as punishment for your folly and for your blindness, you will love me just as I am!

But, furious, I replied: No! No! No! And to better emphasize my refusal, I struck the earth so violently with my foot that my leg sunk to the knee into the recently-dug sepulcher, and, taken like a wolf in a trap, I remain stuck, forever perhaps, in the grave of the ideal.


(Baudelaire)

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Wednesday, January 13, 2010

Baudelaire: Les Bienfaits de la Lune

This poem is like a palimpsest: the poet had chanted the beauty, the Moon came and wrote over its spell. Fatality comes to build over the founding myth of poetry as a blessing, just to destroy the myth by converting poetry into a curse: actually the artist is the one who is bound from now on, chained to remain a poète maudit.

I am accompanying the verses with two lithographs: the one of Bernadette Kelly bathes the poem in a flow of intimacy, the interior appears in candlelight, the exterior in mist (Neil Philip), while Michèle Battut offers a very cool interpretation: her illustration carries an enigma calling in mind Magritte.

Bernadette Kelly, Les Bienfaits de la Lune, 1979
(https://www.idburyprints.com/)


La Lune, qui est le caprice même, regarda par la fenêtre pendant que tu dormais dans ton berceau, et se dit: Cette enfant me plaît.

Et elle descendit moelleusement son escalier de nuages et passa sans bruit à travers les vitres. Puis elle s'étendit sur toi avec la tendresse souple d'une mère, et elle déposa ses couleurs sur ta face. Tes prunelles en sont restées vertes, et tes joues extraordinairement pâles. C'est en contemplant cette visiteuse que tes yeux se sont si bizarrement agrandis; et elle t'a si tendrement serrée à la gorge que tu en as gardé pour toujours l'envie de pleurer.

Cependant, dans l'expansion de sa joie, la Lune remplissait toute la chambre comme une atmosphère phosphorique, comme un poison lumineux; et toute cette lumière vivante pensait et disait: Tu subiras éternellement l'influence de mon baiser. Tu seras belle à ma manière. Tu aimeras ce que j'aime et ce qui m'aime: l'eau, les nuages, le silence et la nuit; la mer immense et verte; l'eau informe et multiforme; le lieu où tu ne seras pas; l'amant que tu ne connaîtras pas; les fleurs monstrueuses; les parfums qui font délirer; les chats qui se pâment sur les pianos, et qui gémissent comme les femmes, d'une voix rauque et douce!

Et tu seras aimée de mes amants, courtisée par mes courtisans. Tu seras la reine des hommes aux yeux verts dont j'ai serré aussi la gorge dans mes caresses nocturnes; de ceux-là qui aiment la mer, la mer immense, tumultueuse et verte, l'eau informe et multiforme, le lieu où ils ne sont pas, la femme qu'ils ne connaissent pas, les fleurs sinistres qui ressemblent aux encensoirs d'une religion inconnue, les parfums qui troublent la volonté, et les animaux sauvages et voluptueux qui sont les emblèmes de leur folie.

Et c'est pour cela, maudite chère enfant gâtée, que je suis maintenant couché à tes pieds, cherchant dans toute ta personne le reflet de la redoutable Divinité, de la fatidique marraine, de la nourrice empoisonneuse de tous les lunatiques.


Michèle Battut, Les Bienfaits de la Lune, 1988
(https://www.idburyprints.com/)

Here is an English version:

The moon, which is caprice itself, looked in the window while you were sleeping in your crib, and said to herself: That child pleases me.

And then she mellowly descended her staircase of clouds and passed noiselessly through the windows. Then she spread herself over you with the supple tenderness of a mother, and she left her colors on your face. Your eyes remained green, and your cheeks extraordinarily pale. It was while contemplating that visitor that your eyes became so bizarrely large; and she so tenderly crushed your throat that you have retained forever the desire to cry.

Meanwhile, in the expansiveness of her joy, the Moon filled all of the room like a phosphoric atmosphere, like a luminous poison; and all of that living light thought and said: You will be eternally subject to the influence of my kiss. You will be beautiful in my manner. You will love what I love and who loves me: water, the clouds, silence, and the night; the immense, green sea; formless and multiform water; the place where you will not be; the lover you will not know; monstrous flowers; perfumes that make you delirious; cats who swoon on pianos, and who moan like women, with a hoarse, gentle voice!

And you will be loved by my lovers, courted by my courtiers. You will be the queen of the green-eyed men whose throats I have also pressed with my nocturnal caresses; of those who love the sea, the immense sea, tumultuous and green, formless and multiform water, the place where they are not, the woman they do not know, sinister flowers that resemble the incense burners of an unknown religion, perfumes that trouble the will, and savage and voluptuous animals that are the emblems of their folly.

And it is for that reason, cursed, spoiled, beloved child, that I am now laying at your feet, seeking in all of your person the reflection of the formidable Divinity, of the prophetic god-mother, of the wet-nurse who empoisons all lunatics.


(Baudelaire)

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Baudelaire: Le Crépuscule du Soir

For Apollinaire twilight is to be celebrated by artists: a rite of passage from reality to what's beyond. For Baudelaire, twilight is the moment when the light of day cannot cover any more all ugliness that's hidden within our reality. And the illustration of Michèle Battut depicts just that: the fading of the light of day, le soir charmant, ami du criminel. It's only the delightful evening in her illustration, while the evening as partner of the crook is subtly suggested.

Her lithographs seem catalogs of absences rather than depictions of presences
(Adventures in Print Trade).

Michèle Battut, Le crépuscule du Soir, 1988
(https://www.idburyprints.com/)

Voici le soir charmant, ami du criminel;
II vient comme un complice, à pas de loup; le ciel
Se ferme lentement comme une grande alcôve,
Et l'homme impatient se change en bête fauve.

Ô soir, aimable soir, désiré par celui
Dont les bras, sans mentir, peuvent dire: Aujourd'hui
Nous avons travaillé! — C'est le soir qui soulage
Les esprits que dévore une douleur sauvage,
Le savant obstiné dont le front s'alourdit,
Et l'ouvrier courbé qui regagne son lit.
Cependant des démons malsains dans l'atmosphère
S'éveillent lourdement, comme des gens d'affaire,
Et cognent en volant les volets et l'auvent.
À travers les lueurs que tourmente le vent
La Prostitution s'allume dans les rues;
Comme une fourmilière elle ouvre ses issues;
Partout elle se fraye un occulte chemin,
Ainsi que l'ennemi qui tente un coup de main;
Elle remue au sein de la cité de fange
Comme un ver qui dérobe à l'Homme ce qu'il mange.
On entend çà et là les cuisines siffler,
Les théâtres glapir, les orchestres ronfler;
Les tables d'hôte, dont le jeu fait les délices,
S'emplissent de catins et d'escrocs, leurs complices,
Et les voleurs, qui n'ont ni trêve ni merci,
Vont bientôt commencer leur travail, eux aussi,
Et forcer doucement les portes et les caisses
Pour vivre quelques jours et vêtir leurs maîtresses.

Recueille-toi, mon âme, en ce grave moment,
Et ferme ton oreille à ce rugissement.
C'est l'heure où les douleurs des malades s'aigrissent!
La sombre Nuit les prend à la gorge; ils finissent
Leur destinée et vont vers le gouffre commun;
L'hôpital se remplit de leurs soupirs. — Plus d'un
Ne viendra plus chercher la soupe parfumée,
Au coin du feu, le soir, auprès d'une âme aimée.

Encore la plupart n'ont-ils jamais connu
La douceur du foyer et n'ont jamais vécu!


There is also another replica to the poem, the lithograph of Bernadette Kelly. While Michèle Battut shows a great restraint, Ms. Kelly comes with a warmer touche: her illustration follows the poem with an accomplice eye, keeping a quiet mystery.

Bernadette Kelly - Le Crépuscule du Soir, 1979
(https://www.idburyprints.com/)


Here are a few English versions:

Twilight

Behold the sweet evening, friend of the criminal;
It comes like an accomplice, stealthily; the sky
Closes slowly like an immense alcove,
And impatient man turns into a beast of prey.
O evening, kind evening, desired by him
Whose arms can say, without lying: "Today
We labored!" — It is the evening that comforts
Those minds that are consumed by a savage sorrow,
The obstinate scholar whose head bends with fatigue
And the bowed laborer who returns to his bed.

Meanwhile in the atmosphere malefic demons
Awaken sluggishly, like businessmen,
And take flight, bumping against porch roofs and shutters.
Among the gas flames worried by the wind
Prostitution catches alight in the streets;
Like an ant-hill she lets her workers out;
Everywhere she blazes a secret path,
Like an enemy who plans a surprise attack;
She moves in the heart of the city of mire
Like a worm that steals from Man what he eats.
Here and there one hears food sizzle in the kitchens,
The theaters yell, the orchestras moan;

The gambling dens, where games of chance delight,
Fill up with whores and cardsharps, their accomplices;
The burglars, who know neither respite nor mercy,
Are soon going to begin their work, they also,
And quietly force open cash-boxes and doors
To enjoy life awhile and dress their mistresses.

Meditate, O my soul, in this solemn moment,
And close your ears to this uproar;
It is now that the pains of the sick grow sharper!
Somber Night grabs them by the throat; they reach the end
Of their destinies and go to the common pit;
The hospitals are filled with their sighs. — More than one
Will come no more to get his fragrant soup
By the fireside, in the evening, with a loved one.

However, most of them have never known
The sweetness of a home, have never lived!

William Aggeler, The Flowers of Evil (Fresno, CA: Academy Library Guild, 1954)



Evening Twilight

Delightful evening, partner of the crook,
Steals in, wolf-padded, like a complice: look:
Heaven, like a garret, closes to the day,
And Man, impatient, turns a beast of prey.

Sweet evening, loved by those whose arms can tell,
Without a lie, "Today we've laboured well:"
Sweet evening, it is she who brings relief
To men with souls devoured by one fierce grief,
Obstinate thinkers drowsy in the head,
And toil-bent workmen groping to their bed.

But insalubrious demons of the airs,
Like business people, wake to their affairs
And, flying, knock, like bats, on walls and shutters.
Now Prostitution lights up in the gutters
Across the glimmering jets the wind torments.
Like a huge ant-hive it unseals its vents.
On every side it weaves its hidden tracks
Like enemies preparing night-attacks.
It squirms within the City's breast of mire,
A worm that steals the food that men desire.

One hears the kitchens hissing here and there,
Operas squealing, orchestras ablare.
Cheap tables d'hôte, where gaming lights the eyes,
Fill up with whores, and sharpers, their allies:
And thieves, whose office knows no truce nor rest,
Will shortly now start working, too, with zest,
Gently unhinging doors and forcing tills,
To live some days and buy their sweethearts frills.

Collect yourself, my soul, in this grave hour
And shut your ears against the din and stour.
It is the hour when sick men's pains increase.
Death grips them by the throat, and soon they cease
Their destined task, to find the common pit.
The ward is filled with sighings. Out of it
Not all return the scented soup to taste,
Warm at the hearthside, by some loved-one placed.

But then how few among them can recall
Joys of the hearth, or ever lived at all!

Roy Campbell, Poems of Baudelaire (New York: Pantheon Books, 1952)


Le Crépuscule du Soir

'tis witching night, the criminal's ally;
it comes accomplice-like, wolf-soft; the sky
slowly is closing every giant door,
and man the rebel turns a beast once more.

o Night, delicious Night, they sigh for thee
— all those whose arms complain, and truly: we
have toiled today! her solace and her peace
Night brings to souls where cankering woes increase
— the self-willed scholar, nodding drowsily,
the workman bowed and hurrying bedward, free.
but now the evil demons of the air
wake heavily, like folk with many a care,
and, soaring, dash their heads on wall or blind.
among the gas-jets flickering in the wind
from every door, a hive that swarms a new,
pale Prostitution lights each avenue;
clearing her secret ways where lechers crawl
as might a foe who undermines a wall;
gorging on what we need, she nightly squirms
across the mire and darkness, like the worms.
the kitchens rattle 'round us everywhere,
playhouses roar and bands of music blare,
swindlers and bawds ally themselves to fleece
in wine shops, those who seek the cards' caprice,
while thieves, who truce nor mercy never knew,
will very soon resume their struggles too,
and gently force the door where treasure is
to feed themselves and dress their mistresses.

awake, my soul, in this grave hour of sin
and close thin ear to all its clamorous din.
now is the time when sick men's woes increase!
the murky night is throttling them; — they cease
to breathe, and sink into the Gulf, undone.
their groanings fill the poor house. — more than one
will seek no more at dusk his savoury bowl
beside the hearth, near some belovèd soul.

and most of these have never known the call
of home, nor had a hearth, nor lived at all!

Lewis Piaget Shanks, Flowers of Evil (New York: Ives Washburn, 1931)


Evening Twilight

Now is the graceful evening, friend of the criminal;
Now it comes like an accomplice, stealthily; the sky
Closes slowly like a gigantic bedroom,
And Man, impatient, changes to wild beast.

O evening, lovable eveningtime, longed for by him
Whose arms can truthfully say: Today
We have worked! — It is evening that lightens
Spirits consumed by a fierce sorrow,
The stubborn savant whose forehead grows heavy,
And the bent laborer gaining again his bed.

Meanwhile unhealthy demons heavily awake,
Like business men, in the atmosphere,
And fly and strike the shutters and the awning.
Across those lights the wind tortures
Prostitution is ignited in the streets;
Like an ant-hill she opens her escapes,
Spawning all over a secret path,
Like an enemy's sudden attack;
She stirs on the breast of the city of dung
Like a worm that steals his meals from Man.
Here and there one hears kitchens hissing,
The screaming of theatres and orchestras roaring;
The plain tables, where gambling throws its pleasures,
Fill up with bawds and cheats, accomplices,
And thieves, who know no truce nor grace,
Soon go to get to work, they also,
Depart to force gently safes and doors
For a few days' living and to clothe their mistresses.

Reflect, O my soul, in this most solemn time,
And close your ears to this roar.
It is the hour when the sorrows of the ill are sharpened.
Dark Night grips them by the throat; they fulfill

Their fate and move into the common whirlpool;
The hospitals are full of their sighing. — More than one
Will no more come back to seek the perfumed soup,
Beside the fire, at night, by a beloved soul.

Still most, most of them have never known
Home's sweetness nor have they really lived.

Geoffrey Wagner, Selected Poems of Charles Baudelaire (NY: Grove Press, 1974)



(Baudelaire)

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